Country Summary: Central African Republic
Country Name: Central African Republic
Capital: Bangui
Official Visa & Travel Information: The Central African Republic does not have an official visa website. However, you can find information about entry, exit, and visa requirements for the Central African Republic on the U.S. Department of State’s travel website. For more information on visas or extending your visit, you can also contact the Embassy of the Central African Republic in Washington D.C. or the U.S. Embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Government Type: presidential republic
Background: The Central African Republic (CAR) is a perennially weak state that sits at the crossroads of ethnic and linguistic groups in the center of the African continent. Among the last areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to be drawn into the world economy, its introduction into trade networks around the early 1700s fostered significant competition among its population. The local population sought to benefit from the lucrative Atlantic, trans-Saharan, and Indian Ocean trade in enslaved people and ivory. Slave raids aided by the local populations fostered animosity between ethnic groups that remains today. The territory was established as a French colony named Ubangui-Shari in 1903, and France modeled its administration of the colony after the Belgian Congo, subcontracting control of the territory to private companies that collected rubber and ivory. Although France banned the domestic slave trade in CAR in the 1910s, the private companies continued to exploit the population through forced labor. The colony of Ubangi-Shari gained independence from France as the Central African Republic in August 1960, but the death of independence leader Barthelemy BOGANDA six months prior led to an immediate struggle for power.
CAR’s political history has since been marred by a series of coups, the first of which brought Jean-Bedel BOKASSA to power in 1966. BOKASSA’s regime was characterized by widespread corruption and an intolerance of opposition, which manifested in the disappearances of many who challenged BOKASSA’s rule. In an effort to prolong his mandate, he named himself emperor in 1976 and changed the country’s name to the Central African Empire. His regime’s economic mismanagement culminated in widespread student protests in early 1979 that were violently suppressed by security forces. BOKASSA, rumored to have participated in the killing of some young students after the protests, fell out of favor with the international community and was overthrown in a French-backed coup in 1979. After BOKASSA’s departure, the country’s name once again became the Central African Republic.
CAR’s fifth coup in March 2013 unseated President Francois BOZIZE after a mainly Muslim rebel coalition named the Seleka seized the capital and forced BOZIZE, who himself had taken power in a coup in 2003, to flee the country. Widespread abuses by the Seleka spurred the formation of mainly Christian self-defense groups that called themselves the anti-Balaka, which have also committed human rights abuses against Muslim populations in retaliation. Since the rise of the self-defense groups, conflict in CAR has become increasingly ethnoreligious-based, although focused on identity as opposed to religious ideology. Elections organized by a transitional government in early 2016 installed independent candidate Faustin-Archange TOUADERA as president; he was reelected in December 2020. A peace agreement signed in February 2019 between the government and the main armed factions has had little effect, and armed groups remain in control of large swaths of the country's territory.
Continent: Africa
Population: 5,552,228 (2023 est.)
Ethnic Groups: Baya 28.8%, Banda 22.9%, Mandjia 9.9%, Sara 7.9%, M'Baka-Bantu 7.9%, Arab-Fulani (Peuhl) 6%, Mbum 6%, Ngbanki 5.5%, Zande-Nzakara 3%, other Central African Republic ethnic groups 2%, non-Central African Republic ethnic groups .1% (2003 est.)
Languages: French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Religions: Christian 89%, Muslim 9%, folk religionist 1%, unaffiliated 1% (2020 est.)
Economic Overview: enormous natural resources; extreme poverty; weak public institutions and infrastructure; political and gender-based violence have led to displacement of roughly 25% of population; Bangui-Douala corridor blockade reduced activity and tax collection; strong agricultural performance offset COVID-19 downturn
Currency: Central African CFA Franc (XAF)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $483.872 million (2021 est.)
Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $4.597 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
Real GDP Growth Rate: 0.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per Capita: $800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
Exports:
$113.7 million (2017 est.) note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Comparison Ranking: 211
Export Commodities: gold, lumber, diamonds, large construction vehicles, rum (2021)
Export Partners: China 41%, United Arab Emirates 19%, France 7% (2019)
Imports:
$393.1 million (2017 est.)
Comparison Ranking: 205
Import Commodities: refined petroleum, packaged medicines, natural gas, broadcasting equipment, second-hand clothing (2019)
Import Partners: India 18%, France 12%, United States 11%, China 9%, Netherlands 7%, Belgium 7%, Malta 6% (2019)
Natural Resources: diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower
Agricultural Products: cassava, yams, groundnuts, taro, bananas, sugar cane, beef, maize, plantains, milk
Industries: gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining
Industrial Production Growth Rate:
-1.5% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Comparison Ranking: 187
Labor Force: 2.039 million (2022 est.)
Unemployment Rate: 6.34% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Natural Hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common
Geography:
Total: 622,984 sq km
Land: 622,984 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)
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